Prohibition forbids a lower court from exceeding its jurisdiction, issued by a higher court against judicial or quasi-judicial authorities. Certiorari, meaning "to be certified," addresses excess or lack of jurisdiction and errors of law. it can now be issued against administrative authorities affecting individual rights. Mandamus commands a public office to perform official duties and can be directed at any public body, corporation, inferior court, tribunal, or government. Quo-Warranto, meaning "by what authority," prevents illegal usurpation of public office and can be sought by any interested person for permanent public offices created by statute or constitution, excluding ministerial or private offices.
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