World & Physical Geography MCQs

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Sedimentary rocks are formed by the successive deposition of sediments. Therefore they have layered or stratified structure. These rocks are also known stratified rocks.
Sandstone, shale, limestone and dolomite are some of the examples of Sedimentary rocks.

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Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea.

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Eastern European and Balkan countries experience the highest rates of air pollution in the European Union. Particularly, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Albania, and Ukraine have the most significant mortality rates attributed to air pollution in the region. These countries also record the highest average annual levels of city air pollution, with Bosnia and Herzegovina being the most affected.

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Harmattan wind is known as the Doctor wind. It is a dry, dusty, north-easterly or easterly wind that blows in West Africa north of the equator. The Harmattan wind blows from the Sahara Desert over West Africa into the Gulf of Guinea. It is called Doctor Wind because its dryness kills pests and germs.
The Harmattan wind brings desert-like weather conditions. It lowers the humidity, dissipates cloud cover, and prevents rainfall formation. It can also create big clouds of dust which can result in dust storms or sandstorms. The Harmattan wind can have health effects on people, including Dryness of the skin; Dried or chapped lips; Eyes; Respiratory problems.

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Local winds are winds that blow in a limited area and are influenced by local geography. They can blow between small low and high pressure systems. Some examples of local winds include:

• Sea breezes: These winds alternate with land breezes during periods of strong daytime warming or nighttime coolness.
• Loo: These hot and dry winds blow during summers in the northern plains of India.
• Chinook winds: These warm and dry winds move towards the eastern slopes of rocky mountains.

Other types of local winds include:

• Anabatic and katabatic winds
• Foehn winds

Local winds can be dominated by wind patterns when broad-scale winds are weak.

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The moon has a significant impact on tides, due to the gravitational attraction of the moon on the Earth’s water. This effect is magnified when the moon’s gravitational attraction aligns with the gravitational pull of the sun. This produces the highest high tides and lowest low tides, known as spring tides. When the pull of the moon and the sun are perpendicular to each other, the lowest high tides and highest low tides, collectively termed neap tides, are produced. While ocean currents are primarily affected by winds and the Coriolis force, tides can have a large impact on currents near the coasts.

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In Northern Atlantic, there is a very low decrease of temperature with increasing latitudes towards north. This is because of the Gulf Stream currents which are warm currents. However, in southern Atlantic, the decrease of temperature with increasing latitude is more pronounced.

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Weight of an object=mg. If g is less then the weight is less. The value of ‘g’ is less at the equator because of the following two reasons:

• The shape of the earth is not perfectly spherical. That’s why the radius at the equator is more. Thus, g is less at equator.
• The centrifugal force is opposite to g at equator. Since forces are vectors and the resultant vector is minimum when the vectors are opposite to each other, g is minimum at equator. If the earth rotated extremely fast then the centrifugal force and g would have cancelled each other out at equator. Earth is spinning with more angular velocity at equator. It decreases as we move towards the poles. This increased angular velocity at equator produces outward centrifugal force which decreases the effect of g.

Hence the weight of an object is less at equator while it is maximum at poles.

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Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra and other Himalayan rivers that is older than the Himalayas themselves. There are usually called as ANTECEDENT RIVERS.

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The Bonin Islands are also known as the Ogasawara Islands, located to the south of Tokyo, Japan. They have been added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites as they have never been connected to a continent and the unique evolution of their plants and animals.