Q. With reference to the Aral Sea crisis, consider the following statements:
  1. The upward movement of Earth's crust in the Aral Sea region is primarily caused by tectonic activity.
  2. The loss of water mass due to human intervention has led to mantle uplift, similar to glacial isostatic rebound.
  3. The Soviet-era diversion of rivers was the principal cause of the Aral Sea's shrinkage.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Answer: 2 and 3 only
Notes: Statement 1 is incorrect – The uplift is not tectonic, but due to mantle response to water loss. Statements 2 and 3 are correct – The mantle rises when surface mass is reduced, such as after the diversion of Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers by the Soviet-era, which was the primary cause for the shrinkage of the Aral Sea.