Q. Which of the following are non-volatile memories?

1. ROM
2. Flash Memory
3. F-RAM
4. D-RAM
5. Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)

Select the correct option from the codes given below:
Answer: Only 1, 2, 3, 5
Notes: Non-volatile memory retains data even without power. ROM, Flash Memory, and F-RAM are standard non-volatile memories. EVMs use non-volatile memory for secure data retention. D-RAM is volatile, losing data when power is off. Therefore, 1, 2, 3, and 5 are non-volatile; 4 (DRAM) is not.