Q. Consider the following changes introduced by Alauddin Khilji in the land revenue system:

1. Direct collection of revenue by state
2. Introducing house tax and pasture tax for farming population in addition to land revenue
3. Setting up a new department to handle arrears
4. Standardisation of Bigha as the unit for measuring land

Which of the above statements is / are correct?
Answer: 1, 2 and 3
Notes: Alauddin Khilji introduced significant reforms in land revenue system. These include direct collection of revenue by state and imposition of house and pasture tax for farming population apart from the land revenue. He also established a new department to handle arrears. But Bigha as a standard unit of land measurement was not established during his regime. It was much later in Mughal era.