Q. What was the northwestern border of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar?
Answer: Hindukush
Notes: Under Akbar, the Mughal Empire expanded across most of the Indian subcontinent, from the Himalayas to the Vindhyas and from Hindukush to the Brahmaputra River. Territories like Kashmir, Sind, Baluchistan, Makran, and Kandahar were incorporated. Akbar's marriage alliances and military conquests, including Gujarat and Bengal, strengthened Mughal power. He also introduced the Mansabdari system for efficient governance.