Q. Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI), recently completed 5 years of implementation, was launched in which year?
Answer: 2019
Notes: The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) was launched by India in 2019 at the East Asia Summit in Bangkok as a global, non-treaty initiative. It builds on India’s 2015 'Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR)' concept. IPOI promotes community building and partnerships with like-minded countries through practical cooperation. It has 7 pillars, with countries voluntarily leading different areas of focus. IPOI offers an alternative to geopolitical competition and aligns with India's Maritime Vision 2030 and global initiatives like AIIPOIP and ASEAN’s AOIP.