Q. Consider the following:

1. Rat-hole mining
2. Box-cutting mining
3. Side-cutting mining

Which of the above methods are primarily associated with coal extraction?
Answer: 1, 2 & 3
Notes: 1. Rat-hole mining involves digging narrow pits for coal extraction and is prevalent in Meghalaya, known for its hazardous conditions. 2. Box-cutting mining creates a rectangular opening leading to vertical pits, allowing access to coal seams, often used in unregulated mining practices. 3. Side-cutting mining entails digging narrow tunnels on hill slopes to access thin coal seams, which is also a common method in the region. All three methods are associated with coal extraction, particularly in areas where traditional mining regulations are lacking.