Q. Consider the following:

1. Diwan-i Insha
2. Barid-i Mumalik
3. Qazi-ul Mumalik

Which of the above is/are responsible for administrative and judicial functions in a Sultanate?
Answer: 1, 2, and 3
Notes: 1. Diwan-i Insha managed state correspondence, ensuring communication between the Sultan and other rulers, as well as provincial governments. 2. Barid-i Mumalik served as the head of the state news agency, reporting on state affairs, including wars, rebellions, and local matters. 3. Qazi-ul Mumalik acted as the chief judge, overseeing the judiciary and being the final court of appeal for civil and criminal cases. 4. All three terms represent key administrative and judicial roles that facilitated governance and legal oversight in the Sultanate.