With respect to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which of the following observations is/are correct?

The IOD is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical western Indian Ocean and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.

The IOD can influence the impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon.

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Question

The IOD is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical western Indian Ocean and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Incorrect The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical western Indian Ocean and the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (near Indonesia), not the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. When the western Indian Ocean is warmer than the eastern Indian Ocean, it is called a positive IOD. When the eastern Indian Ocean is warmer, it is a negative IOD.
The IOD can influence the impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon. Correct: The IOD can influence the impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon. A positive IOD (warmer western Indian Ocean) can reduce the negative effects of El Niño, leading to a better monsoon. A negative IOD (warmer eastern Indian Ocean) can worsen the impact of El Niño, further weakening the monsoon.

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The IOD is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical western Indian Ocean and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Incorrect The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical western Indian Ocean and the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (near Indonesia), not the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. When the western Indian Ocean is warmer than the eastern Indian Ocean, it is called a positive IOD. When the eastern Indian Ocean is warmer, it is a negative IOD.
The IOD can influence the impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon. Correct: The IOD can influence the impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon. A positive IOD (warmer western Indian Ocean) can reduce the negative effects of El Niño, leading to a better monsoon. A negative IOD (warmer eastern Indian Ocean) can worsen the impact of El Niño, further weakening the monsoon.

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