Q. Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Zainul Abidin:
Answer: Entire ‘Rajtarangini’ was written during his reign.
Notes: Zainul Abidin was the 8th Sultan of Kashmir from the Shah Miri dynasty. In 1320 CE, the Mongol chief, Dalucha, sacked the Kashmir valley and order wholesale massacre of population, causing severe social dislocation. Also, during this period, there had been a continuous incursion of Muslim saints and refugees from Central Asia into Kashmir via the Baramulla route. The remarkable Sufi saints, called Rishis, also influenced the change process. Partly, by persuasion and partly by force, the lower class population had been converted into Islam. To complete the process, a vehement persecution of the Brahmanas began in the reign of Sikandar Shah Miri (c. 1389-1413 CE) of Shah Miri dynasty. He destroyed numerous temples and triggered an exodus out of the Kashmir. This situation changed with the accession of Zainul Abidin (c.1420-70 CE) who had all these orders cancelled. He reconciled and brought back to Kashmir all the non-Muslims who had fled. Temples were also restored. Kalhana's history of Kashmir, Rajtarangini, was translated into Persian and brought up to date. Rajtarangini was originally written in Sanskrit in 12th century. Jonaraja wrote Dvitiya Rajtarangini during his reign. So, option c is the right answer. Due to his tireless efforts to promote social harmony, economic development, development of art & craft, etc. Zainul Abidin is still called the Bud Shah (the great Sultan) by the Kashmiris.

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