Q. Which of the following land taxes collected by Shivaji from Mughal territory?
Answer: Both a & b
Notes: Land taxes collected by Shivaji from Mughal territory: Chauth and Sardeshmukhi. The taxes were collected on the territory  which were legally the part of the Mughal empire. Chauth was the land revenue was paid to the Marathas so that the land would  not be subject to Maratha raids and Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of 10% on those land of Maharashtra over which the  Maratha claimed heridiatary rights.

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