Which of the following is/are correct about ocean acidification?

It is the reduction in the pH value of the Earth’s Ocean.

The free hydrogen ions (H⁺) increase the pH of the ocean, therefore increasing acidity.

An increase in pH corresponds to a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions.

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Question

Ocean acidification is the reduction in the pH value of the Earth’s Ocean. The root cause of ocean acidification is carbon dioxide emissions from human activities which have led to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels of more than 410 ppm (in 2020).
The oceans absorb CO₂from the atmosphere. This leads to the formation of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) which dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO−3) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺).
The free hydrogen ions (H⁺) decrease the pH of the ocean, therefore increasing acidity.
A decrease in pH corresponds to a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions, which are the main building block for calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) shells and skeletons. Marine calcifying organisms, like mollusks, oysters and corals, are particularly affected by this as they rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons.

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Ocean acidification is the reduction in the pH value of the Earth’s Ocean. The root cause of ocean acidification is carbon dioxide emissions from human activities which have led to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels of more than 410 ppm (in 2020).
The oceans absorb CO₂from the atmosphere. This leads to the formation of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) which dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO−3) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺).
The free hydrogen ions (H⁺) decrease the pH of the ocean, therefore increasing acidity.
A decrease in pH corresponds to a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions, which are the main building block for calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) shells and skeletons. Marine calcifying organisms, like mollusks, oysters and corals, are particularly affected by this as they rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons.

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