Q. The term "Helsinki Rules", sometimes seen in news, is associated with:
Answer:
Uses of the Waters of International Rivers
Notes: The Helsinki Rules are an international guideline that regulate how rivers and their connected groundwaters that cross national boundaries may be used. The International Law Association (ILA) adopted the Helsinki Rules in Helsinki, Finland in 1966. The Helsinki Rules established a common legal framework guiding the use of surface water and connected groundwater in international drainage basins. The Helsinki Rules describe in detail the relevant factors to be considered, including the drainage area within each basin state, hydrology, and climate in the basin. These factors determine basin water resources within each state and their variability.
The Helsinki Rules were succeeded by the Berlin Rules on Water Resources in 2004. The ILA adopted the Rules on International Groundwaters, also known as the Seoul Rules, in Seoul, Korea in 1986.