The Sagarmala is a series of projects to leverage the country's coastline and inland waterways to drive industrial development. It was originally mooted by the Vajpayee government in 2003 as the waterways equivalent of the Golden Quadrilateral. Sagarmala, integrated with the development of inland waterways, is expected to reduce cost and time for transporting goods, benefiting industries and export/import trade. It will modernise port infrastructure, add up to six new ports and enhance capacity. It will improve port connectivity through rail corridors, freight-friendly expressways and inland waterways. Create 14 coastal economic zones or CEZs and a special economic zone at Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust in Mumbai with manufacturing clusters to enable port-led industrialisation. It will develop skills of fishermen and other coastal and island communities.
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