Q. Where is the first astronomical observatory of the Harappan Civilization located in ancient Indian sites?
Answer: Dholavira
Notes: The first astronomical observatory of the Harappan Civilization has been found at Dholavira. Dholavira, located in Gujarat, is one of the five largest Harappan sites and most prominent archaeological sites in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. The astronomical significance of Dholavira was highlighted by the discovery of an ancient "apparent geodesic quadrant", which is considered the first such find in the Indus Valley.