Answer: Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980)
Notes: President Murmu rejected the mercy petition of Pakistani national Mohammed Arif, sentenced to death for the 2000 Red Fort attack that killed three, including two Army jawans. The court reaffirmed the "rarest of rare" standard, while the 262nd Law Commission Report (2015) recommended abolishing the death penalty, except for terrorism-related offenses. Constitutional provisions, Articles 21, 72, and 161, outline the right to life and executive clemency powers. The "rarest of rare" doctrine, established in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980), mandates the death penalty only when no other option is viable, considering aggravating and mitigating circumstances.
