Q. It is believed that with the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ of 1905, Indian Freedom Struggle entered into a new phase. Which of the following factors may have contributed to this transition:

1. Leadership of the national movement changed hands.
2. Constitutionalism was replaced by mass-movement.
3. The effects of the movement were felt across the country.
4. Peasantry participated in the Swadeshi Movement on a large scale.
5. People started demanding 'Purna Swaraj' then onwards.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Answer: Only 1, 2, and 3
Notes: During the anti-partition movement and Swadeshi Movement the leadership passed to militant nationalists like Tilak, Bipin Chandra and Aurobindo Ghosh. It happened because the early movement of protest under the Moderates had failed to yield result. So, statement 1 is correct. The Swadeshi Movement could achieve momentum after it appealed to the masses including students and women. Students in government colleges took active participation in the movement ignoring the punitive actions taken by the British-Indian government. Foreign goods were boycotted at large levels and shops selling foreign goods were picketed. Thus, statement 2 is correct. Though, the Swadeshi Movement was initiated in Bengal to oppose the partition of Bengal, soon the cry of ‘Swadeshi’ was heard in other provinces of India like Bombay, Madras and Northern India. A leading role in spreading the movement in the rest of the country was played by Tilak. So, statement 3 is correct. Swadeshi Movement was based on a purely political demand and it did not touch upon the concerns of common peasantry. Also, up to this point, politicization of peasantry had not taken place.So, statement 4 is incorrect. The goal of Purna Swaraj became popular only after the Lahore Session of Congress in 1929 CE. Thus, statement 5 is incorrect.