Q. Consider the following:

1. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
2. The Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)
3. The Nice Ocean Agreements
4. The Paris Climate Agreement

Which international framework is crucial for the governance of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions?
Answer: 1 and 2 only
Notes: Statement 1 is correct: UNCLOS is a fundamental international framework for ocean governance. Statement 2 is correct: The BBNJ Agreement focuses on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions, which covers more than 60% of the ocean. Statement 3 refers to the Nice Ocean Agreements, which are focused on ocean conservation but not specifically on the governance of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions. Statement 4 refers to climate change governance, not ocean governance.

This question is part of UPSC Daily 20 MCQ Series Course on GKToday Android app.