Q. Consider the following statements:

1. The oak forests in Garhwal and Kumaon were replaced by pine.
2. Forests were also cleared for introducing plantations of tea, rubber and coffee.
3. The British used timber for construction activities as it acts as an insulator of heat.

Which of the above statements is/are correct in relation to exploitation of forests by British in India?
Answer: All of the above
Notes: The British were aware of the economic value of the forests in India, hence, large scale exploitation of these forests was started. The structure of forests was also changed. The oak forests in Garhwal and Kumaon were replaced by pine (chirs) which was needed to lay railway lines. Forests were also cleared for introducing plantations of tea, rubber and coffee. The British also used timber for construction activities as it acts as an insulator of heat. The protectional use of forests was, thus, replaced by commercial use.

This question is part of UPSC Daily 20 MCQ Series Course on GKToday Android app.