Q. Consider the following statements:

1. The “Big Four” venomous snakes in India have established commercial antivenoms.
2. The absence of species-specific antivenoms for pit vipers poses a major healthcare challenge.
3. The government aims to reduce snakebite mortality by 50% by 2030.
4. Pope’s Pit Viper venom is currently used for pharmaceutical drug development.

Select the correct answer using the codes below:
Answer: 1, 2, and 3 only
Notes: The "Big Four" snakes (Russell’s Viper, Saw-Scaled Viper, Spectacled Cobra, and Common Krait) have commercial antivenoms available. Pit vipers lack species-specific antivenoms, making their bites difficult to treat. The Indian government aims to reduce snakebite mortality by 50% by 2030. While studies provide a foundation for future pharmaceutical applications, Pope’s Pit Viper venom is not yet used in drug development.