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UPSC Prelims 2027 CGS Test-13
UPSC Prelims 2027 CGS Test-13
1. Which of the following is/are considered ecosystem services provided by wetlands?
- Water purification
- Flood control and mitigation
- Groundwater recharge
- Biodiversity habitat
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] All 1, 2, 3 & 4
[C] Only 2 & 4
[D] Only 1 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [All 1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
All the listed items are considered ecosystem services provided by wetlands. Wetlands act as natural filters for water purification, store excess water for flood control and mitigation, facilitate groundwater recharge, and provide critical habitats for a rich diversity of flora and fauna.
2. Which of the following are practices associated with watershed management for drought mitigation?
- Contour Bunding
- Afforestation
- Gully Plugs
- Monoculture
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 and 3
[B] Only 1 and 2
[C] Only 2, 3 and 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1, 2 and 3]
Notes:
Contour Bunding (1) is a practice in watershed management to slow down runoff, enhance infiltration, and prevent soil erosion.
Afforestation (2) is a key practice to improve soil health, increase water retention, and provide alternative income sources within watershed management.
Gully Plugs (3) are structures built across small streams or gullies to reduce erosion and promote groundwater recharge, forming part of watershed management.
Monoculture (4) is the practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, which can increase drought vulnerability rather than mitigate it, as it often involves water-intensive crops and reduces biodiversity.
3. Consider the following statements about a mature tropical cyclone:
- Surface air converges towards the low-pressure centre.
- Air generally descends within the eyewall.
- Upper-level outflow supports sustained deep convection.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] 1 only
[B] 1 and 3 only
[C] 2 and 3 only
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1 and 3 only]
Notes:
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Air flows inward near the surface, rises in deep convective clouds and exits at upper levels. Strong ascent characterises the eyewall. Subsidence is associated with the eye, so statement 2 confuses two adjacent but dynamically different regions.
4. Consider the following pairs:
| No. |
Term |
Feature / provision |
| 1 |
Chlorine |
Choking agent |
| 2 |
Sarin |
Blister agent |
| 3 |
Sulfur mustard |
Nerve agent |
| 4 |
Hydrogen cyanide |
Blister agent |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] Only three
[D] All four
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only one]
Notes:
Pair 1 alone is correct. Chlorine primarily injures the respiratory tract. Hydrogen cyanide is a blood agent that interferes with cellular oxygen use. Sarin is a nerve agent that inhibits acetylcholinesterase, whereas sulfur mustard is a blister agent. The table misclassifies sarin, sulfur mustard and hydrogen cyanide.
5. Consider the following statements regarding the Tenth Schedule:
- Merger exemption requires two-thirds legislative-party support.
- One-third splits remain exempt from disqualification.
- Voluntary abandonment requires a formal resignation letter.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] 1 and 2 only
[B] 2 and 3 only
[C] 1 only
[D] 1 and 3 only
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1 only]
Notes:
Statement 1 is correct: the merger provision requires agreement of at least two-thirds of the legislature party. The separate one-third split exemption was removed by the 91st Amendment. Voluntarily giving up party membership can be inferred from conduct; a formal resignation is not necessary.
Originally written on
October 26, 2026
and last modified on
October 26, 2026.
