What are the Polymetallic Modules (PMN) made up of?

Recently, India became the first pioneer investor to have been allotted a site of 1,50,000 sq km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) by International Sea Bed Authority (ISBA) of United Nations for harnessing the Polymetallic Modules (PMN) lying on the seabed. The Polymetallic Modules (PMN) predominantly contain Manganese. They are made up of several metals and non metals. Chemical analyses of the nodules show that they contain manganese (29.40 %), iron (6 %), aluminium (2.9 %) nickel (1.34 %), copper (1.25 %), cobalt (0.25 %), titanium (0.6 %) as the majors components and some minor constituents like sodium, magnesium, silicium, zinc, oxygen and hydrogen (32.16 %).


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