Tiny single crystals made to dissolve in a solution or melt from which larger crystals are drawn either by precipitation, centrifuging or drawing up from a melt. The seeds must have the same chemical composition and crystalline structure as that of the larger crystal. The practice is used in semi-conductor industries and making artificial single crystal gemstones like silicon, germanium, sapphire, diamond, zirconia and so on.

Arachnophobia refers to fear of spiders. This phobia was exploited in a 1990 movie "Arachnophobia". The word is derived from the Greek 'arachne' (spider) and 'phobos' (fear) after the mythical Arachne, a maiden who was a skilled weaver, whom the goddess Athena turned into a spider on being challenged to a weaving contest.

The major difference between Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is that the former is NOT liquefied. CNG involved compressing the natural gas to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 200–248 bar (2900–3600 psi), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes. LNG is involves liquefying natural gas temporarily to liquid form, which is 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state, for ease of storage or transportation. Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane, so both CNG and LNG mainly have Methane as component.

Every organism whether an animal, a plant, a fungus, a bacterium, an Archean, a protist or a virus, has DNA. A stretch of DNA that codes for a type of protein or for an RNA chain which has a function in the body / organism is called a Gene. So, a Gene is the basic unit of heredity. One the sequence of genes on DNA is identified; it can be scientifically manipulated for different purposes.
The aim of the genome projects is to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism.
In human there are 46 chromosomes, in 23 pairs. Out of them 22 pairs are called autosomes, while the 23rd pair is of sex chromosomes. To create a human genome map, a sequence of the genes on all the 46 chromosomes would be required. In bacteria, there is one Chromosome, (called genophore) so sequence of the genes on one Chromosome would create the genome map.
The process is complicated because it not only involves identifying elements on the genome (gene prediction) but also attaching biological information to these elements (gene annotation).