Scientists have discovered that the most likely source of water on Moon is the constant stream of charged particles from the Sun known as the solar wind.
As per Researchers, ice inside permanently shadowed polar craters on the Moon, which is also known as cold traps, could contain hydrogen atoms ultimately derived from the solar wind.

How it formed water on the Moon?

As suggested by the Theoretical models of lunar water stability, water and other hydroxyl related compound can be formed when hydrogen ions (protons) from the solar wind combine with oxygen on the Moon’s surface.
With this finding it is also clear that water is likely to exist on Mercury and on asteroids such as Vesta or Eros further within our solar system.

Poet-writer Chandrashekar Kambar has been conferred with the Jnanpith Award. The award was given to him in recognition to his contributions to Kannada literature.

The award:

The Jnanpith Award is a literary award. It is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country, the other one is Sahitya Akademi Fellowship. The award was instituted in 1961.

Who is eligible for the honor?

Any Indian citizen who writes in any of the official languages of India is eligible for the award. The award is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the The Times of India newspaper.

Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley of U.S. have been awarded the Nobel economics prize for studies on the match-making that takes place when doctors are coupled up with hospitals; students with schools; and human organs with transplant recipients.

As per Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, their research has sparked a “flourishing field of research” and helped improve the performance of many markets.

What is their research?

This Prize has been given to them “for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design”. The work is concerned with the best possible way to allocate resources, such as in school admissions or organs to patients who need transplants. It was a form of economic engineering, designing markets for situations where traditional market mechanisms based on price are not applicable or do not work well. Matching is a fundamental property of many markets and social institutions. For eg. matching jobs to workers, husbands to wives, doctors to hospitals, kidneys to patients etc.

The European Union (EU) won the Nobel Peace Prize for furthering peace in the continent after World War II.

Why this award to EU?

The award is given to EU in acknowledgment to its past as well as continuing efforts to maintain peace in the region. The EU was war-torn region during WW II, but now it is the union of 27 nations.

The first ever International Day of the Girl Child was observed on October 11, 2012.

The theme for this year is “Ending Child Marriage”. The UN General Assembly had announced in 2011 to observe this day as International Day of Girl Child, to recognize rights of girls and the unique challenges they face around the world.
As per figures, around one in three young women aged 20 to 24 – (approximately 70 million) get married before the age of 18. Although there is fall in overall proportion of child brides in the last 30 years, the menace persists, particularly in rural areas and among the poorest. If things remain same, the number of girls who will marry by 18 year will be around 150 million in the next decade.